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EMPIRE STATE BUILDING

July 14, 2010 # 8:54 pm # Sports # No Comment

History

Empire State Building

U.S. National Register of Historic Places

U.S. National Historic Landmark

NYC Landmark

Location:

350 Fifth Avenue

New York, New York 10118

United States

Coordinates:

404454.36 735908.36 / 40.7484333N 73.9856556W / 40.7484333; -73.9856556Coordinates: 404454.36 735908.36 / 40.7484333N 73.9856556W / 40.7484333; -73.9856556

Architect:

Shreve, Lamb as good as Harmon

Architectural style(s):

Art Deco

Added to NRHP:

November 17, 1982

Designated NHL:

June 24, 1986

Designated NYCL:

May 19, 1981

NRHP Reference#:

82001192

The site of a Empire State Building was initial grown as a John Thomson Farm in a late 18th century. At a time, a tide ran conflicting a site, emptying in to Sunfish Pond, located a retard away. Beginning in a late 19th century a retard was reserved by a Waldorf-Astoria Hotel, busy by The Four Hundred, a amicable selected of New York.

Design as good as construction

The Empire State Building was created by William F. Lamb from a architectural organisation Shreve, Lamb as good as Harmon, which assembled a have up drawings in usually dual weeks, regulating a progressing designs for a Reynolds Building in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, as good as a Carew Tower in Cincinnati, Ohio (designed by a architectural organisation W.W. Ahlschlager & Associates) as a basis. Every year a staff of a Empire State Building sends a Father’s Day label to a staff during a Reynolds Building in Winston-Salem to compensate loyalty to a role as prototype to a Empire State Building. The have up was created from a tip down. The ubiquitous contractors were The Starrett Brothers as good as Eken, as good as a devise was financed essentially by John J. Raskob as good as Pierre S. du Pont. The have up a whole association was chaired by Alfred E. Smith, a former Governor of New York as good as James Farley’s General Builders Supply Corporation granted a have up materials. John W. Bowser was devise have up a whole superintendant.
A workman bolts beams during construction; a Chrysler Building can be seen in a background.

Excavation of a site began upon Jan 22, 1930, as good as have up a whole upon a have up itself proposed symbolically upon Mar 17t.Patrick’s Dayer Al Smith’s change as Empire State, Inc. president. The devise concerned 3,400 workers, mostly immigrants from Europe, along with hundreds of Mohawk iron workers, many from a Kahnawake haven circuitously Montreal. According to executive accounts, 5 workers died during a construction. Governor Smith’s grandchildren cut a badge upon May 1, 1931. Lewis Wickes Hine’s photography of a have up a whole provides not usually useful await of a construction, though additionally a glance in to usual day hold up of workers in which era. In sold a print of a workman rock rock climbing a stay handle is talismanic of a epoch as good as a have up itself.

The have up a whole was partial of an exhilarated foe in New York for a pretension of “world’s tallest building”. Two alternative projects fighting for a title, 40 Wall Street as good as a Chrysler Building, were still underneath have up a whole when work began upon a Empire State Building. Each hold a pretension for reduction than a year, as a Empire State Building surpassed them upon a completion, usually 410 days after have up a whole commenced. The have up was strictly non-stop upon May 1, 1931 in thespian fashion, when United States President Herbert Hoover incited upon a building’s lights with a pull of a symbol from Washington, D.C. Ironically, a initial operate of have up lights atop a Empire State Building, a following year, was for a role of signalling a feat of Franklin D. Roosevelt over Hoover in a presidential choosing of Nov 1932.

Opening

The building’s opening coincided with a Great Depression in a United States, as good as as a result many of a bureau space went though being rented. The building’s cavity was exacerbated by a bad place upon 34th Street, which placed it comparatively distant from open transportation, as Grand Central Terminal, a Port Authority Bus Terminal, as good as Penn Station have been all multiform blocks away. Other some-more successful skyscrapers, such as a Chrysler Building, do not have this problem. In a initial year of operation, a regard rug took in we estimate 2 million dollars, as many income as a owners done in lease which year. The miss of renters led New Yorkers to flout a have up as a “Empty State Building”. The have up would not turn essential until 1950. The important 1951 sale of The Empire State Building to Roger L. Stevens as good as his blurb operation partners was brokered by a distinguished tip Manhattan real-estate organisation Charles F. Noyes & Company for a jot down $51 million. At a time, which was a tip price ever paid for a singular have up in real-estate history.

Dirigible (airship) terminal

The building’s sold Art Deco spire was creatively created to be a grapnel pillar as good as repository for dirigibles. The 102nd have up was creatively a alighting tallness with a dirigible gangplank. A sold elevator, roving in in in in between a 86th as good as 102nd floors, was ostensible to float passengers after they checked in during a regard rug upon a 86th floor. However, a thought valid to be unreal as good as dangerous after a integrate of attempts with airships, due to a absolute updrafts caused by a stretch of a have up itself. A vast promote have up was combined to a tip of a spire in 1953.

1945 craft crash

Main article: B-25 Empire State Building crash

Crash by a U.S. Army B-25 bomber upon Jul 28, 1945

At 9:40 a.m.on Saturday, Jul 28, 1945, a B-25 Mitchell bomber, piloted in thick haze by Lieutenant Colonel William Franklin Smith, Jr., crashed in to a north side of a Empire State Building, in in in in between a 79th as good as 80th floors, where a offices of a National Catholic Welfare Council were located. One engine shot by a side conflicting a stroke as good as flew as distant as a successive retard where it landed upon a roof tiles tiles tiles of a circuitously building, starting a glow which damaged a penthouse. The alternative engine as good as partial of a alighting rigging plummeted down an conveyor shaft. The ensuing glow was out in 40 minutes. fourteen people were killed in a incident. Elevator user Betty Lou Oliver survived a thrust of 75 stories inside an elevator, which still stands as a Guinness World Record for a longest survived conveyor tumble recorded. Despite a repairs as good as detriment of life, a have up was open for blurb operation upon many floors upon a following Monday. The pile-up helped coax a thoroughfare of a long-pending Federal Tort Claims Act of 1946, as good as a insertion of retroactive supplies in to a law, permitting people to sue a supervision for a accident.

A year later, an a single some-more aircraft had a tighten confront with a skyscraper. It narrowly longed for distinguished a building.

Height annals as good as comparisons

Height some-more aged in buildings in New York City

The Empire State Building remained a tallest synthetic have up in a universe for twenty-three years prior to it was surpassed by a Griffin Television Tower Oklahoma (KWTV Mast) in 1954. It was additionally a tallest free-standing have up in a universe for 36 years prior to it was surpassed by a Ostankino Tower in 1967.

The longest universe jot down hold by a Empire State Building was for a tallest skyscraper (to constructional height), which it hold for 42 years until it was surpassed by a North Tower of a World Trade Center in 1973. With a drop of a World Trade Center in a Sep 11, 2001 attacks, a Empire State Building again became a tallest have up in New York City, as good as a second-tallest have up in a Americas, right away surpassed usually by a Willis Tower in Chicago. When totalled by apex height, a Empire State Building is right away a third-tallest have up in a Americas, surpassed usually by a Willis Tower as good as a Trump International Hotel as good as Tower.

1 World Trade Center, right away underneath have up a whole in New York City, is approaching to surpass a tallness of a Empire State Building upon completion. The Chicago Spire is additionally approaching to surpass a tallness of a Empire State Building upon completion, though a have up a whole has been halted due to monetary problems.

Suicides

Over a years, some-more than thirty people have committed self-murder from a tip of a building. The initial self-murder occurred even prior to a completion, by a workman who had been laid off. The blockade around a look-out patio was put up in 1947 after 5 people attempted to burst during a three-week span. On Dec 2, 1979, Elvita Adams jumped from a 86th floor, usually to be blown during a back of onto a 85th have up as good as left with usually a damaged hip.

Shootings

Main article: 1997 Empire State Building shooting

On Feb 24, 1997, a Palestinian gunman shot 7 people upon a regard deck, murdering one, afterwards fatally wounding himself.

Architecture

The Empire State Building (in core of image) is a tallest have up in New York City

Street turn perspective of a Empire State Building

The Empire State Building rises to 1,250 ft (381 m) during a 102nd floor, as good as together with a 203 ft (62 m) pinnacle, a full tallness reaches 1,453 ft8916 in (443.09 m). The have up has 85 stories of blurb as good as bureau space representing 2,158,000 sq ft (200,500 m2). It has an indoor as good as outside regard rug upon a 86th floor. The superfluous sixteen stories paint a Art Deco tower, which is capped by a 102nd-floor observatory. Atop a have up is a 203 ft (62 m) pinnacle, many of which is lonesome by promote antennas, with a lightning rod during a really top.

The Empire State Building was a initial have up to have some-more than 100 floors. It has 6,500 windows as good as 73 elevators, as good as there have been 1,860 stairs from travel turn to a 103rd floor. It has a sum have up area of 2,768,591 sq ft (257,211 m2); a bottom of a Empire State Building is about 2 acres (8,094 m2). The have up houses 1,000 businesses, as good as has a own zip code, 10118. As of 2007, we estimate 21,000 employees work in a have up any day, creation a Empire State Building a second-largest singular bureau formidable in America, after a Pentagon. The have up was finished in a singular year as good as 45 days. Its strange 64 elevators have been located in a executive core; today, a Empire State Building has 73 elevators in all, together with operate elevators. It takes reduction than a singular notation by conveyor to get to a 86th floor, where an regard rug is located. The have up has 70 mi (113 km) of pipe, 2,500,000 ft (760,000 m) of electrical wire, as good as about 9,000 faucets.[citation needed] It is exhilarated by low-pressure steam; notwithstanding a height, a have up usually requires in in in in between 2 as good as 3 psi (14 as good as 21 kPa) of steam vigour for heating. It weighs we estimate 370,000 short tons (340,000 t). The extraneous of a have up was built regulating Indiana limestone panels.

The Empire State Building price $40,948,900 to build.

A array of setbacks causes a have up to finish with height.

Unlike many of today’s skyscrapers, a Empire State Building comforts an art deco design, customary of pre-World War II pattern in New York. The new-fashioned immaculate steel canopies of a entrances upon 33rd as good as 34th Streets lead to dual story-high corridors around a conveyor core, crossed by immaculate steel as good as glass-enclosed bridges during a second-floor level. The conveyor core contains 67 elevators.

The run is 3 stories tall as good as comforts an aluminum service of a skyscraper though a antenna, which was not combined to a spire until 1952. The north mezzanine contains 8 bright panels, combined by Roy Sparkia as good as Rene Nemorov in 1963, depicting a have up as a Eighth Wonder of a World, to a single side a normal seven.

Long-term forecasting of a hold up cycle of a have up was implemented during a pattern proviso to safeguard which a building’s destiny dictated uses were not limited by a mandate of prior generations. This is utterly clear in a over-design of a building’s electrical system.

Floodlights

Empire State Building with red as good as immature lights for Christmas, as seen from GE Building

Empire State Building with normal white lighting, as seen from New Jersey

In 1964, floodlights were combined to irradiate a tip of a have up during night, in colors selected to review anniversary as good as alternative events, such as St. Patrick’s Day, Christmas, Independence Day or Bastille Day. After a eightieth birthday as good as successive genocide of Frank Sinatra, for example, a have up was bathed in blue light to paint a singer’s nickname “Ol’ Blue Eyes”. After a genocide of singer Fay Wray (King Kong) in late 2004, a have up stood in finish dark for fifteen minutes.

The floodlights bathed a have up in red, white, as good as blue for multiform months after a drop of a World Trade Center, afterwards reverted to a customary schedule. Traditionally, in further to a customary schedule, a have up will be bright in a colors of New York’s sports teams upon a nights they have home games (orange, blue as good as white for a New York Knicks, red, white as good as blue for a New York Rangers, as good as so on). The initial week end in Jun finds a have up bathed in immature light for a Belmont Stakes hold in circuitously Belmont Park. The have up is bright in tennis-ball yellow during a US Open tennis contest in late Aug as good as early September. It was twice bright in carmine to await circuitously Rutgers University: once for a football diversion opposite a University of Louisville upon Nov 9, 2006 , as good as again upon Apr 3, 2007 when a women’s basketball group played in a inhabitant championship game.

In 1995, a have up was bright up in blue, red, immature as good as yellow for a recover of Microsoft’s Windows 95 handling system, which was launched with a $300 million campaign.

The have up has additionally been well well known to be bright in purple as good as white in respect of graduating students from New York University.

Every year in September, a have up is bright in black, red, as good as yellow, with a tip lights off (for black) to applaud a German-American Steuben Parade upon Fifth Avenue.

The have up was bright immature for 3 days in respect of a Islamic legal legal holiday of Eid ul-Fitr in Oct 2007. The lighting, a initial for a Muslim holiday, is dictated to be an annual eventuality as good as was steady in 2008 as good as 2009. In Dec 2007, a have up was bright yellow to weigh a home video recover of The Simpsons Movie.

From Apr 2527, 2008 a have up was bright in lavender, pink, as good as white in jubilee of general cocktail diva Mariah Carey’s accomplishments in a universe of song as good as a recover of her eleventh college of music manuscript E=MC2.[citation needed]

In late Oct 2008, a have up was bright immature in respect of a fifth anniversary of a acclaimed Broadway Musical Wicked by Kerry Ellis as good as Stephen Schwartz.

Starting in 2008, a have up along with New York City as good as many alternative cities around a world, participated in Earth Hour. The skyscraper’s floodlights were incited off for only an hour to preserve energy.

In Sep 2009, a have up was bright for a singular night in orange colors, in jubilee of a scrutiny of Manhattan Island by Henry Hudson 400 years earlier. The Dutch king Willem-Alexander outpost Oranje as good as princess Maxima were benefaction as good as incited upon a lights from a lobby.

In 2009, a have up was bright for a singular night in red as good as yellow, a colors of a Communist People’s Republic of China, to applaud a 60 years given a founding, in between controversy.

Observation decks

The Empire State Building has a singular of a many renouned outside observatories in a world, carrying been visited by over 110 million people. The 86th-floor regard rug offers considerable 360-degree views of a city. There is a second regard rug upon a 102nd have up which is open to a public. It was sealed in 1999, though reopened in Nov 2005. It is utterly enclosed in a mailing as good as many not as big than a initial one; it might be sealed upon jammed days. Tourists might compensate to revisit a regard rug upon a 86th have up as good as an a single some-more volume for a 102nd floor. The lines to come in a regard decks, according to a building’s website, have been “as mythological as a have up itself:” there have been 5 of them: a path line, a run conveyor line, a sheet squeeze line, a second conveyor line, as good as a line to get off a conveyor as good as onto a regard deck. For an additional price tourists can jump over to a front of a line.

The skyscraper regard rug plays horde to multiform cinematic, television, as good as well read classics including, An Affair To Remember, Love Affair as good as Sleepless in Seattle. In a Latin American well read work Empire of Dreams by Giannina Braschi a regard rug is a site of a rural revolution; shepherds take over a City of New York. The rug was additionally a site of a Martian advance upon an aged part of we Love Lucy.

A breathtaking perspective of New York City from a 86th-floor regard rug of a Empire State Building, open 2005

New York Skyride

View from Macy’s

The Empire State Building additionally has a suit simulator attraction, located upon a 2nd floor. Opened in 1994 as a element to a regard deck, a New York Skyride (or NY Skyride) is a unnatural aerial debate over a city. The melodramatic display lasts we estimate twenty-five minutes.

Since a opening, a float has left by dual incarnations. The strange version, which ran from 1994 until around 2002, featured James Doohan, Star Trek’s Scotty, as a airplane’s pilot, who humorously attempted to keep a moody underneath carry out during a storm, with a debate reception an astonishing track by a subway, Coney Island, as good as FAO Schwartz, in between alternative places. After Sep 11th, however, a float was closed, as good as an updated chronicle debuted in mid-2002 with actress Kevin Bacon as a pilot. The latest chronicle of a exegesis attempted to have a captivate some-more educational, as good as enclosed a little teenager post-9/11 nationalistic undertones with retrospective footage of a World Trade Center. The latest moody additionally goes haywire, though this shred is many shorter than in a original.

Broadcast stations

New York City is a largest media marketplace in a United States. Since a Sep 11, 2001 attacks, scarcely all of a city’s blurb promote stations (both air wave as good as FM radio) have transmitted from a tip of a Empire State Building, nonetheless a integrate of FM stations have been located during a circuitously Cond Nast Building. Most New York City AM stations promote from usually conflicting a Hudson River in New Jersey.

Communications inclination for promote stations have been located during a tip of a Empire State Building.

Broadcasting began during Empire upon Dec 22, 1931, when RCA began transmitting initial air wave broadcasts from a tiny receiver erected atop a spire. They leased a 85th have up as good as built a laboratory there, andn 1934CA was assimilated by Edwin Howard Armstrong in a mild try to exam his FM element from a Empire antenna. When Armstrong as good as RCA fell out in 1935 as good as his FM apparatus was removed, a 85th have up became a home of RCA’s New York air wave operations, initial as initial hire W2XBS channel 1, which in a destiny became (on Jul 1, 1941) blurb hire WNBT, channel 1 (now WNBC-TV channel 4). NBC’s FM hire (WEAF-FM, right away WQHT) began transmitting from a receiver in 1940. NBC defended disdainful operate of a tip of a Empire until 1950, when a FCC systematic a disdainful understanding broken, formed upon consumer complaints which a usual place was required for a (now) 7 New York air wave stations to broadcast from so which reception antennas would not have to be all a time adjusted. Construction upon a hulk have up began. Other air wave broadcasters afterwards assimilated RCA during Empire, upon a 83rd, 82nd, as good as 81st floors, mostly bringing sister FM stations along for a ride. Multiple transmissions of TV as good as FM began from a latest have up in 1951. In 1965, a apart set of FM antennas were assembled toll a 103rd have up regard area. When a World Trade Center was being constructed, it caused critical problems for a air wave stations, many of which afterwards changed to a World Trade Center as shortly as it was completed. This done it probable to reconstruct a receiver have up as good as a transmitter comforts for a good of a FM stations superfluous there, which were shortly assimilated by alternative FMs as good as UHF TVs relocating in from elsewhere in a civil area. The drop of a World Trade Center necessitated a good understanding of shuffling of antennas as good as transmitter bedrooms in sequence to house a stations relocating during a back of uptown.

As of 2009, a Empire State Building is home to a following stations:

TV: WCBS-TV 2, WNBC-TV 4, WNYW 5, WABC-TV 7, WWOR-TV 9 Secaucus, WPIX-TV 11, WNET thirteen Newark, WNYE-TV 25, WPXN-TV 31, WXTV 41 Paterson, WNJU 47 Linden, as good as WFUT-TV 68 Newark

FM: WXRK 92.3, WPAT-FM 93.1 Paterson, WNYC-FM 93.9, WPLJ 95.5, WXNY 96.3, WQHT-FM 97.1, WSKQ-FM 97.9, WRKS-FM 98.7, WBAI 99.5, WHTZ 100.3 Newark, WCBS-FM 101.1, WRXP 101.9, WWFS 102.7, WKTU 103.5 Lake Success, WAXQ 104.3, WWPR-FM 105.1, WQXR-FM 105.9 Newark, WLTW 106.7, as good as WBLS 107.5

Empire State Building Run-Up

The Empire State Building Run-Up is a feet competition from belligerent turn to a 86th-floor regard rug which has been hold annually given 1978. Its participants have been referred to both as runners as good as as climbers, as good as have been mostly have up using enthusiasts. The competition covers a straight stretch of 1,050 feet (320 m) as good as takes in 1,576 steps. The jot down time is 9 minutes as good as 33 seconds, completed by Australian veteran cyclist Paul Crake in 2003, during a rock rock climbing rate of 6,593 ft (2,010 m) per hour.

In renouned culture

Film

Perhaps a many important renouned enlightenment illustration of a have up is in a 1933 movie King Kong, in which a pretension character, a hulk ape, climbs to a tip to shun his captors though falls to his death. In 1983, for a 50th anniversary of a film, an inflatable King Kong was placed upon a tangible building. In 2005, a reconstitute of King Kong was released, set in 1930s New York City, together with a final showdown in in in in between Kong as good as bi-planes atop a severely minute Empire State Building. (The 1976 reconstitute of King Kong was set in a ? la mode New York City as good as hold a climactic stage upon a towers of a World Trade Center.)

The 1939 regretful play movie Love Affair involves a integrate who devise to encounter atop a Empire State Building, a event which is averted by an vehicle accident. The movie was transformed in 1957 (as An Affair to Remember) as good as in 1994 (again as Love Affair). The 1993 movie Sleepless in Seattle, a regretful humerous entertainment to some extent desirous by An Affair to Remember, climaxes with a stage during a Empire State observatory.

Andy Warhol’s 1964 wordless movie Empire is a singular continuous, eight-hour shot of a Empire State Building during night, shot in black-and-white. In 2004, a National Film Registry deemed a informative stress estimable of refuge in a Library of Congress.

The movie Independence Day comforts a Empire State Building as belligerent 0 for an caller attack; it is ravaged by a aliens’ initial arms which incinerates many of New York City.

Many alternative cinema which underline a Empire State Building have been listed upon a building’s own website.

Television

The Empire State Building featured in a 1966 Doctor Who sequence The Chase, in which a TARDIS lands upon a roof tiles tiles tiles of a building; The Doctor as good as his companions leave utterly quickly, however, since The Daleks have been tighten during a back of them. A Dalek is additionally seen upon a roof tiles tiles tiles of a have up whilst it interrogates a human. In 2007, Doctor Who episodes “Daleks in Manhattan” as good as “Evolution of a Daleks” additionally featured a building, which a Daleks have been constructing to operate as a lightning conductor. Russell T Davies pronounced in an essay which “in his mind”, a Daleks remembered a have up from their final visit.

The Discovery Channel uncover MythBusters tested a civic parable which claims which if a singular drops a penny off a tip of a Empire State Building, it could kill someone or put a void in a pavement. The result was that, by a time a penny hits a ground, it is starting rounded off 65 mph (105 km/h) (terminal quickness for an intent of a mass as good as shape), which is not quick sufficient to inflict fatal damage or put a void in to a pavement. The civic fable is a fun in a 2003 low-pitched Avenue Q, where a impression watchful atop a have up for a event tosses a penny over a sidenly to strike her rival.

Literature

H.G. Wells’ 1933 scholarship novella book The Shape of Things to Come, created in a form of a story book published in a distant future, includes a following passage: “Up to utterly not long ago Lower New York has been a many out-of-date city in a world, singular in a murky antiquity. The final of a very old skyscrapers, a Empire State Building, is even right away underneath dispersion in C.E. 2106!”.

In a scholarship novella novel The Rebel of Rhada by Robert Cham Gilman (Alfred Coppel), reception place during a unkempt galactic sovereignty of a distant future, New York is an very old city which was damaged as good as made up large times. Its tip as good as many very old building, lonesome with piled-up hull up to half a height, is well well known simply as “The Empire Tower”, though is patently a Empire State Building.

David Macaulay’s 1980 with pictures book Unbuilding depicts a Empire State Building being purchased by a Middle Eastern billionaire as good as messy square by piece, to be ecstatic to his home nation as good as made up there.

The Empire State Building is featured prominently as both a environment as good as constituent tract device via many of Michael Chabon’s 2000 Pulitzer Prize-winning novel, The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier & Clay.

In a Percy Jackson book series, Mount Olympus is located over a Empire State Building, as good as there is a special conveyor in a have up to a “600th floor,” which is ostensible to be Olympus.

Tenants

Notable tenants of a have up include:

Alitalia, Suite 3700

Croatian National Tourist Board, Suite 4003

Filipino Reporter, Suite 601

Human Rights Watch, 34th Floor

Polish Cultural Institute in New York, Suite 4621

Senegal Tourist Office, Suite 3118

TAROM, Suite 1410

The King’s College, Suite 1500

Former tenants include:

China National Tourist Office (now located during 370 Lexington Avenue)

National Film Board of Canada (now located during 1123 Broadway)

Nathaniel Branden Institute
Gallery

A perspective ceiling of a Empire State Building from Broadway

The tip of a Empire State Building

Looking up

Looking Down

Looking towards Times Square

Art deco elevators in a lobby

Panoramic perspective of Midtown Manhattan from regard deck

The Empire State Building lights up in yellow as good as red during a 60th anniversary of a PRC

See also

New York City portal

World’s tallest giveaway station have up upon land

History of tallest skyscrapers

List of skyscrapers

List of tallest buildings by U.S. state

References

Notes

^ a b The Empire State Building is located inside of a 10001 zip formula area, though 10118 is reserved as a building’s own zip code. Source: USPS.

^ National Geodetic Survey datasheet KU3602, Retrieved 2009-07-26

^ a b Willis, Carol (1995). “Empire State Building”. in Kenneth T. Jackson. The Encyclopedia of New York City. New Haven, CT & London & New York: Yale University Press & The New-York Historical Society. pp. 375376.

^ ESBNYC.com

^ Pollak, Michael (April 23, 2006). “75 YEARS: F. Y. I.”. The New York Times. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D03EEDD153FF930A15757C0A9609C8B63&scp=4&sq=”empire state building” tallness 1,454&st=cse. Retrieved 2009-10-31.

^ SkyscraperPage Empire State Building, receiver tallness source: CTBUH, tip have up tallness source: Empire State Building Company LLC

^ a b Rosenberg, Jennifer. “Empire State Building Trivia as good as Cool Facts”. About.com. http://history1900s.about.com/od/1930s/a/empirefacts.htm. Retrieved 2008-11-08.

^ a b White, Norval & Willensky, Elliot; AIA Guide to New York City, 4th Edition; New York Chapter, American Institute of Architects; Crown Publishers. 2000. p.226.

^ a b “Empire State Building”. National Historic Landmark outline listing. National Park Service. 2007-09-11. http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=1842&ResourceType=Building.

^ Carolyn Pitts (April 26, 1985). “Empire State Building”" (PDF). National Historic Landmark Nomination. National Park Service. http://pdfhost.focus.nps.gov/docs/NHLS/Text/82001192.pdf.

^ “Empire State Buildingccompanying 7 photos, extraneous as good as interior, from 1978.” (PDF). National Register of Historic Places Inventory. National Park Service. 1985-04-26. http://pdfhost.focus.nps.gov/docs/NHLS/Photos/82001192.pdf.

^ W&H Properties Empire State Building

^ Skyscrapers Becoming More Eco-Friendly In Hopes to Lure Tenants

^ “National Register Information System”. National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. 2007-01-23. http://www.nr.nps.gov/.

^ Reynolds Building. Retrieved Nov 15, 2008.

^ Cincinnati Skyscrapers, Waymarketing.com

^ “Thirteen Months to Go”, Geraldine B. Wagner, 2003, Quintet Publishing Ltd., pg. 32

^
^
^
^ about.com Empire State Building Trivia as good as Cool Facts

^ “Lewis Wickes Hine: The Construction of a Empire State Building, 19301931 (New York Public Library Photography Collection)”

^ “Icarus, tall up upon Empire State; Lewis Wickes Hine, New York Public Library Photography Collection”

^ Tower Lights History Retrieved 2007-12-16

^ NYT Travel: Empire State Building

^ “A Renters’ Market in London.” Aug 18, 2008.

^ ew York: A Documentary Film.

^ a b Shanor, Rebecca Read (1995). “Unbuilt projects”. in Kenneth T. Jackson. The Encyclopedia of New York City. New Haven, CT & London & New York: Yale University Press & The New-York Historical Society. pp. 12081209.

^ Goldman, Jonathan (1980). The Empire State Building Book. New York: St. Martin’s Press. p. 44.

^ “750th Squadron 457th Bombardment Group: Officers 1943 to 1945″. http://www.457thbombgroup.org/New/750thSquad.html. Retrieved 2009-04-06.

^ “Empire State Building Withstood Airplane Impact”

^ “Plane Hits Building Woman Survives 75-Story Fall”

^ guinnessworldrecords.com

^ “The Day A Bomber Hit The Empire State Building”. National Public Radio. http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=92987873. Retrieved 2008-07-28. “Eight months after a crash, a U.S. supervision offering income to family groups of a victims. Some accepted, though others instituted a legal case which resulted in turning point legislation. The Federal Tort Claims Act of 1946, for a initial time, gave American adults a right to sue a sovereign government.”

^ Glanz, James as good as Eric Lipton (2002-09-08). “The Height of Ambition”. The New York Times. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F02E2DD1F3FF93BA3575AC0A9649C8B63&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=10.

^ iht.com

^ Compass American Guides: Manhattan, 4th Edition. Reavill, Gil as good as Zimmerman, Jean P. 160.

^ George H. Douglas, Skyscrapers, p. 173

^ Empire State Building New York.com: Empire State Building Suicides

^ Geoffrey Broughton, Expressions, p. 32

^ The Empire State Building Book, Jonathan Goldman, St. Martin’s Press, 1980, p.63

^ Empire State Building: Official Internet Site

^ Lelyveld, Joseph (February 23, 1964). “The Empire State to Glow during Night”. The New York Times. http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F10B11FE385F137A8EDDAA0A94DA405B848AF1D3.

^ thevillager.com

^ a b Empire State Building lighting schedule

^ espn.com

^ Washington Post

^
^ Empire State Building Goes Green for Muslim Holiday

^ Empire State adorns yellow to applaud The Simpsons Movie

^ http://www.broadway.com/Empire-State-Building-Goes-Green-for-Wicked-Birthday-Final-Yellow-Brick-Road-Cast-Announced/broadway_news/5013909

^ a b https://www.esbnyc.com/tickets/index.cfm?CFID=28691766&CFTOKEN=35278567

^ “Ten Things Not to Do in New York”

^ NYRR Empire State Building Run-Up Crowns Dold as good as Walsham as Champions, New York Road Runners

^ Empire State Building Past Race Winners

^ www.esbnyc.com

^ http://gutenberg.net.au/ebooks03/0301391h.html

^ a b c d e f g h “Foreigners flocking to 350 Fifth Avenue.” Real Estate Weekly. Jun 30, 2004.

^ “FAQ.” Alitalia (United States website). Retrieved Sep 4, 2008.

^ “Claims as good as Suggestions.” Alitalia (United States website). Retrieved Sep 4, 2008.

^ Home page. Croatian National Tourist Board. Retrieved Sep 4, 2008.

^ “Contact.” Filipino Reporter. Retrieved Sep 4, 2008.

^ “Contact.” Human Rights Watch. Retrieved Sep 4, 2008.

^ Home Page. Polish Cultural Institute in New York. Retrieved Sep 4, 2008.

^ Information Senegal Tourist Office. Retrieved Sep 4, 2008.

^ “Travel Agencies for craft tickets to Romania.” Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Retrieved Sep 4, 2008.

^ “The King’s College”. http://www.tkc.edu/. Retrieved 2008-11-01.

^ “Contact Us.” China National Tourist Office. Retrieved Sep 4, 2008.

^ “Contact us.” National Film Board of Canada. Retrieved Sep 4, 2008.

^ In Answer to Ayn Rand by Nathaniel Branden during his ex-wife’s website

Further reading

Aaseng, Nathan. (1999). Construction: Building a Impossible. Minneapolis, MN: Oliver Press. ISBN 1-881-50859-5.

Bascomb, Neal. (2003). Higher: A Historic Race to a Sky as good as a Making of a City. New York: Doubleday. ISBN 0-385-50660-0.

Goldman, Jonathan. (1980). The Empire State Building Book. New York: St. Martin’s Press. ISBN 0-312-24455-X.

James, Theodore, Jr. (1975). The Empire State Building. New York: Harper & Row. ISBN 0-060-12172-6.

Kingwell, Mark. (2006). Nearest Thing to Heaven: The Empire State Building as good as American Dreams. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-10622-X.

Pacelle, Mitchell. (2001). Empire: A Tale of Obsession, Betrayal, as good as a Battle for an American Icon. New York: Wiley. ISBN 0-471-40394-6.

Tauranac, John. (1995). The Empire State Building: The Making of a Landmark. New York: Scribner. ISBN 0-684-19678-6.

Wagner, Geraldine B. (2003). Thirteen Months to Go: The Creation of a Empire State Building. San Diego, CA: Thunder Bay Press. ISBN 1-592-23105-5.

Willis, Carol (ed). (1998). Building a Empire State. New York: W.W. Norton. ISBN 0-393-73030-1.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media associated to: Empire State Building

Look up Empire State Building in Wiktionary, a giveaway dictionary.

Empire State Building executive Web site

Commercial Construction.com

Lighting Schedule

Empire State Building Green Retrofit

Empire State Building Trivia

Empire State Building Information

The Construction of a Empire State Building, 19301931, New York Public Library

VIVA2, The Skyscraper Museum’s online repository of over 500 have up a whole photographs of a Empire State Building.

NYC Insider Guide, Empire State Building vs. Top of a Rock review views.

Empire State Building during Structurae

Records

Preceded by

Chrysler Building

World’s tallest structure

1931 1954

Succeeded by

KWTV Mast

World’s tallest freestanding have up upon land

1931 1967

Succeeded by

Ostankino Tower

Tallest have up in a world

1931 1972

Succeeded by

World Trade Center

Tallest have up in a United States

1931 1972

Tallest Building in New York City

1931 1972

Preceded by

World Trade Center

Tallest Building in New York City

2001 present

Incumbent

Other articles as good as topics associated to a Empire State Building

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Supertall skyscrapers

Current

North America

Aon Center AT&T Corporate Center Bank of America Plaza Bank of America Tower Chrysler Building Empire State Building First Canadian Place JPMorgan Chase Tower John Hancock Center The New York Times Building Trump Tower Chicago Two Prudential Plaza U.S. Bank Tower Wells Fargo Bank Plaza Willis Tower

Asia

Baiyoke Tower II Bank of China Tower The Center Central Plaza China World Trade Center Tower III CITIC Plaza International Finance Centre Jin Mao Tower Menara Telekom Minsheng Bank Building Nina Tower One Island East Petronas Twin Towers Shanghai World Financial Center Shimao International Plaza Shun Hing Square Taipei 101 Tuntex Sky Tower

Europe

City of Capitals

Australia

Eureka Tower Q1

Middle East

Almas Tower Burj Al Arab Burj Khalifa Emirates Office Tower Emirates Towers Hotel Kingdom Centre Rose Tower The Address Downtown Burj Dubai

Under construction

North America

1 World Trade Center 175 Greenwich Street

South America

Torre Gran Costanera

Asia

151 Incheon Tower Busan Lotte World Goldin Finance 117 Dalian Eton Center Digital Media City Landmark Building East Pacific Business Center Gate of a Orient Gezhouba International Plaza Global Financial Building The Gramercy Residences Grand International Mansion (The Pinnacle) Guangzhou International Finance Center Hanging Village of Huaxi Forum 66 India Tower International Commerce Centre Keangnam Hanoi Landmark Tower Kingkey Finance Tower Leatop Plaza Nanjing Greenland Financial Center Northeast Middle East Trade Tower Parc1 Tower A Pearl River Tower Ryugyong Hotel Shanghai Tower Sino-Steel Tower Tianjin International Trade Centre The Tianjin Tower Wenzhou World Trade Center We’ve a Zenith The Wharf Times Square White Magnolia Plaza MahaNakhon

Europe

City Hall as good as City Duma Mercury City Tower Shard London Bridge

Middle East

23 Marina Abraj Al Bait Towers Ahmed Abdul Rahim Al Attar Tower Al Hamra Tower Al Quds Endowment Tower Al Yaqoub Tower Arraya 2 Bin Manana Twin Towers (Lam Tara) Towers Burj Al Alam Central Market Project DAMAC Heights Dubai Pearl Dubai Towers Doha Elite Residence Emirates Park Towers HHHR Tower The Index Infinity Tower Lamar Towers The Landmark Marina 101 The Marina Torch Ocean Heights Pentominium Princess Tower Sky Tower

Construction suspended

868 Towers Offices as good as Hotel BDNI Center 1 Chicago Spire Dalian International Trade Center Doha Convention Center Tower Eurasia Faros del Panam Jakarta Tower JW Marriott International Finance Centre Lighthouse Tower Plaza Rakyat Skycity Square Capital Tower Tianlong Hotel Waterview Tower Xiamen Post & Telecommunications Building

Former

World Trade Center

See additionally Proposed supertall skyscrapers List of architects of supertall buildings

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New York City Historic Sites

NRHP: Manhattan Brooklyn Queens Staten Island Bronx NHL: New York State

NYC: Manhattan Brooklyn Queens Staten Island Bronx

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U.S. National Register of Historic Places

Keeper of a Register History of a National Register of Historic Places Property types Historic district Contributing property

List of entries

National Park Service National Historic Landmarks National Battlefields National Historic Sites National Historical Parks National Memorials National Monuments

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Popular caller attractions in New York City

Times Square (35M) Central Park (20M) Metropolitan Museum of Art (5.2M) Statue of Liberty (4.24M) American Museum of Natural History (4M) Empire State Building (4M) Museum of Modern Art (2.67M)

Categories: 1931 pattern | Accidents involving haze | Art Deco buildings in New York City | Fifth Avenue (Manhattan) | Former world’s tallest buildings | National Historic Landmarks in New York City | Office buildings in New York City | National Register of Historic Places in Manhattan | Skyscrapers in New York City | Skyscrapers over 350 meters | Visitor attractions in New York City | Office buildings in Manhattan | Art Deco skyscrapersHidden categories: Wikipedia pages semi-protected opposite desolation | Wikipedia stable pages though expiry | All articles with unsourced statements | Articles with unsourced statements from Sep 2008 | Articles with unsourced statements from May 2009